due to the influence of many factors, such as: incorrect diagnosis, poor drug efficacy, abuse of antibiotics, etc., the treatment effect of swine disease is unsatisfactory, increasing the cost of treatment, and even death, resulting in huge economic losses. It is of great practical significance to actively take effective measures to solve the existing problems.
1 Analysis of factors affecting the effect of swine disease treatment
1.1 Diagnosis error In the treatment of
swine disease , if the diagnosis is wrong, it will inevitably have a great impact on the later medication, thereby reducing the treatment effect. In recent years, the trend of mixed infection, latent infection and mild incidence of swine disease has increased, and the clinical symptoms are similar, which greatly increases the difficulty of diagnosis and treatment. Such as: porcine pseudorabies disease and edema disease, both of which will appear eyelid swelling, neurological symptoms, ataxia, dyspnea, convulsions, diarrhea, vomiting and other symptoms, the symptoms of the two are very similar, and it is easy to misdiagnose each other, leading to errors treatment [1].
1.2 Improper management Improper management of
pig farms will not only increase the incidence of pig diseases, but also have a great impact on the treatment effect of pig diseases. Some farmers do not pay attention to the importance of feeding management, improper site selection, unreasonable planning and design, incomplete supporting settings, excessive stocking density, untimely sanitation and disinfection, and do not pay attention to cold protection and warmth, which cannot create a healthy and comfortable growth for the pig herd. The environment increases the risk of pig disease. After the outbreak of the epidemic, the isolation, diagnosis and treatment are not timely, resulting in the spread of the epidemic, which increases the difficulty of treatment. Repeated disease will reduce the effect of swine disease treatment.
1.3 Immune failure
Vaccination is the most effective way to prevent swine disease. However, current swine disease immunization failures are more common. In order to save costs, some people choose not to be vaccinated, or purchase fake and shoddy vaccines from informal channels, which will inevitably affect the immunization effect. At the same time, improper vaccination methods and dose control during vaccination can also lead to immune failure. The use of some antibiotics after vaccination will inhibit the antibody of the vaccine and cause the immunity to fail.
1.4 Drug abuse
At this stage , the phenomenon of drug abuse by farmers in the treatment of pig diseases is prominent, especially some antibiotics and hormone drugs, which are used more frequently. And long-term dependence on the same antibiotics leads to drug resistance over time, reducing the effect of later treatment. At the same time, some people have the phenomenon of wrong drug compatibility, which will not only affect the treatment effect, but even cause adverse reactions and increase the death rate of sick pigs. Some people are eager to treat diseases and use antibiotics in excess doses, resulting in drug residues and drug resistance, which are also important factors affecting the effect of swine disease treatment.
1.5 Failure to follow the course of treatment When treating
pig diseases, some people did not take the medicine in time in order to save costs, or some people stopped taking the medicine in a hurry after taking the medicine, which led to the recurrence of the disease and prolonged the treatment period. Different drugs have half-lives. When the drug concentration drops, it needs to be re-medicated to continue to kill residual pathogenic microorganisms. It will produce drug resistance and variability, which increases the difficulty of treating pig diseases in the later stage.
2 Discussion on measures to improve the treatment effect of pig diseases
2.1 Strengthen the management of pig farms
In order to effectively prevent the occurrence of pig diseases and improve the treatment effect of pig diseases, we must attach great importance to the management of pig farms. Breeders should integrate the scale and quantity of pig breeding, formulate a sound management system, clarify management content and procedures, implement management responsibilities, and ensure that all work is implemented. Reasonable site selection and building, reasonable control of stocking density, to avoid overcrowding. It is necessary to strengthen feed management to ensure balanced nutrition, and it is forbidden to feed moldy and spoiled feed. It is necessary to ensure good lighting and ventilation in the pen, and to discharge toxic and harmful gases in time. Do a good job in preventing cold and heat in a timely manner to avoid cold and heat stress. It is necessary to strengthen sanitation, clean up feces and sewage in time, and reduce the number of pathogenic microorganisms. Strengthen the disinfection work, formulate a disinfection plan, and rotate the use of acid-base disinfectants to avoid resistance and improve the disinfection effect. Pay close attention to the health status of live pigs. If any abnormality is found, isolate, diagnose and treat in time to prevent the spread of the epidemic.
2.2 Scientific immunization In the prevention and control of
swine diseases, we must attach great importance to immunization, which is an important measure to effectively prevent and control swine diseases. Farm households should clarify the importance and necessity of immunization, and formulate scientific and complete immunization plans and programs in combination with local and local epidemic characteristics, trends, laws and other factors. After compulsory immunization of PRRS and other diseases, it is necessary to selectively vaccinate against common and frequently-occurring diseases such as swine erysipelas, swine lung disease, and porcine parvovirus disease according to the actual situation. When vaccinating, the validity period of the vaccine should be carefully checked to ensure that it is within the validity period, and the use of expired and impurity vaccines is prohibited. It is necessary to strictly control the method and dose of immunization to ensure the best immunization effect. Two weeks before and after vaccination, antibiotics are prohibited to avoid affecting the vaccination effect. In the event of sudden outbreaks in pig farms, such as foot-and-mouth disease, the entire herd of pigs should be vaccinated with foot-and-mouth disease vaccine or serum urgently to avoid large-scale spread of the disease.
2.3 Improve the professional level of veterinarians
In the process of swine disease treatment, veterinarians play an important role, and the level of professionalism of veterinarians directly determines the effect of swine disease treatment. Based on this, as a veterinarian, you should strengthen your study in daily work, accumulate experience in practice, improve your professional level and professional quality, establish a good sense of self-study, and learn the diagnosis and treatment methods related to pig diseases. They should strengthen communication and exchange, learn from each other, constantly improve their professional level, correctly diagnose pig diseases, rationally use drugs, avoid drug abuse, blind drug use, etc., to ensure the effect of pig disease treatment. At the same time, for large-scale pig farms, it is necessary to set up on-site veterinary personnel to summarize the regularity of pig diseases in pig farms and prepare drugs for the treatment of common diseases. Once abnormality is found, early diagnosis and early treatment are required to avoid delaying the disease, increasing the difficulty of treatment and even causing economic losses. .
2.4 Scientific and standardized drug use
1) Correctly select drugs, and control the dosage and course of treatment. After the occurrence of swine disease, it is first necessary to confirm the diagnosis, identify the pathogen, and select sensitive drugs for treatment by means of drug susceptibility tests. After rational selection of drugs, the dosage and course of treatment should be strictly controlled, and the optimal dosage should be determined based on the instructions for use of the drugs and the condition of the sick pigs, and overdose medication should be prohibited. In particular, antibiotics, such as long-term high-dose use, can easily lead to drug resistance, which affects the difficulty and efficacy of later swine disease treatment. The treatment course should be determined according to the recovery status of the sick pigs after the medication. Generally, the medication should be continuously administered for 3 to 5 days. During this period, drug withdrawal is prohibited. After the symptoms of the sick pigs disappear, the medication should be continued for 1 to 2 days to avoid premature withdrawal and recurrence
2) Choose the best administration method. Different drugs have different methods of administration. At the same time, due to the influence of pharmacological effects, different routes of administration have different efficacy and indications. Such as: magnesium sulfate, oral administration can have a cathartic effect, and intravenous injection can have a sedative effect. In the process of swine disease treatment, the commonly used methods of administration mainly include: oral administration, injection, rectal administration, skin administration, etc. Among them, the most common ones are oral administration and injection administration. First of all, when oral administration, it can be taken by drinking water, mixing materials, etc. For example, if sick pigs are infected with intestinal diseases, it is preferable to administer drugs with low or no absorption rate of intestinal absorption rate or drinking water for treatment, such as systemic infection of sick pigs , preferably drug mixture or drinking water administration treatment with higher intestinal absorption. Secondly, when administering by injection, subcutaneous, intramuscular and intravenous injection methods are mainly used. Subcutaneous injection refers to injecting the drug into the tissue between the skin and the muscle of the pig. For example, when ivermectin injection is used to deworm the parasite, it must be injected subcutaneously; there are abundant blood vessels in the muscle, and the intramuscular injection liquid is absorbed quickly. , so water, emulsion and oil can be injected intramuscularly; intravenous injection has the fastest effect, so it is suitable for first aid and large-dose liquid medication. It should be noted that oil solution, suspension, emulsion Intravenous injection is not suitable for fluids, etc., because it is prone to embolism.
3) Pay attention to adverse drug reactions. Different drugs may have different degrees of adverse reactions due to individual differences. Therefore, when taking medication, especially when taking large doses or taking long-term medication, pay close attention to adverse drug reactions, such as: rash, fever, edema, blood vessels Dilation, blood pressure drop, shock, etc., should be timely combined with adverse reactions to implement targeted treatment. In order to avoid adverse reactions, the dosage and course of treatment should be well controlled when taking medication, especially for young pigs, and their excretion capacity should be fully considered and the dosage should be reduced. For example, after taking sulfa drugs, the sick pigs should be allowed to drink enough water to reduce the side effects of the drugs.
4) Reasonable drug compatibility. In the treatment of swine disease, if a compatible drug is required, it is necessary to ensure its rationality. Reasonable drug compatibility will help to increase the efficacy of the drug and improve the success rate of swine disease treatment. However, if the drug compatibility is unreasonable, there will be toxic and side effects. Therefore, when combined medication is required, reasonable compatibility should be carried out, such as the combined use of sulfonamide drugs or antibiotics with antibacterial synergists, and the antibacterial effect will be significantly improved. When using a combination of drugs, if the compatibility is unreasonable, there will be antagonism, reduce the efficacy of the drug, or even offset the efficacy of the drug. Bacterial effect decreased. In addition, when using a combination of drugs, it is necessary to clarify the incompatibilities. When two or more drugs are used in combination, physical and chemical reactions are likely to occur, resulting in changes in the pharmacological properties and appearance of the drugs. Therefore, it is forbidden to mix the drugs with incompatibilities. For example, in the treatment of swine asthma, the combined use of tiamulin and salinomycin will enhance the toxicity of tiamulin, resulting in the death of sick pigs. For example, diluted injection of tetracycline hydrochloride and sodium bicarbonate will cause tetracycline to lose its efficacy.
5) The number of times of administration and the time of administration. When treating pig diseases, the frequency and time of administration should be reasonably controlled according to the condition of sick pigs. Under normal circumstances, medication should be administered 2 to 3 times per day, and the continuous medication time should be controlled within 3 to 5 days. To control the medication time, for stomach medicine, it needs to be taken before feeding, and for strong irritant drugs, it needs to be taken after feeding. Control the medication interval to ensure that the drug concentration is always in the best state, continue to effectively kill pathogenic bacteria, and improve the treatment effect of swine disease.
3 Conclusion
To sum up , under the background of high incidence of swine disease, how to improve the effect of swine disease treatment has become the focus of industry workers. In view of the various factors affecting the effect of swine disease treatment, we must attach great importance to formulate targeted and effective solutions to improve the effect of swine disease treatment, reduce the mortality rate of sick pigs, reduce economic losses, and promote a healthy and orderly pig industry. develop.
.jpeg)