The three gourds in the brain
Human anatomy is very important to medicine, and it is also very important to art. To paint the human body realistically, it is necessary to understand the structure of the human body. Many artists have tried human anatomy.
Leonardo da Vinci is one of the representatives of the great artists of the Renaissance. He has profound attainments in medicine and physiology. It can be seen from the remaining materials that he also tried anatomy.
Leonardo da Vincido left many manuscripts and drawings written by himself, which are called "manuscripts". The researchers divided these materials into nine categories, one of which is "anatomical manuscripts", which are now stored in the Royal Library of Windsor Castle, England.
The anatomical manuscript is divided into three parts: early, middle and late.
In the early stage, it was mainly superficial observation and basically did not involve human anatomy. In Leonardo da Vinci's paintings left over from this period, the brain chambers are drawn into three gourds. The ventricle is the space inside the brain, which is the shape of the brain that he imagined at that time, following the theory of Galenos Galen.
Galenos Galen theory holds that the function of the brain is not produced by the brain itself, but is the result of the action of the neurofluid entering the brain. Among the three gourds side by side, the front gourd is responsible for hearing, sight and smell, the middle gourd is responsible for thinking and judgment, and the back gourd is responsible for memory.
Because of Leonardo da Vinci's superb painting ability and strong appeal, people at that time believed in his works, but in fact many things were completely wrong.
From the mid-term manuscript, we can see that Leonardo da Vinci did attempt to dissect, but did not observe it carefully. Clinically, the shape of the left and right bronchi is different, but he painted it symmetrically. It is obvious that Leonardo da Vinci did not carefully observe the shape of the bronchi.
A closer look at Leonardo da Vinci's famous anatomy of female internal organs reveals that he has drawn two bulges on both sides of the uterus, as well as some blood vessels with unknown directions. His dissection took into account the function of the uterus, but the observations were not detailed enough. Later manuscripts were based on actual observations, and Leonardo completed his paintings while envisioning functions. For example, the shape of the muscle is amazingly accurate, the starting and ending points of the muscle are connected by loops, and the muscle is connected to the bone and has a contraction effect. The drawing manuscript of the heart is also very realistic.
The human body structure map made by Leonardo da Vinci is not only very detailed, but also a three-dimensional map with far and near levels. The shape of the ventricle in the later paintings is no longer the three gourds in the earlier period. The painter used molds in the later manuscripts, so it is closer to reality.
Michelangelo also tried anatomy Among the artists of the
Renaissance , Michelangelo Buonarroti also tried anatomy when he was young, and on this basis he made realistic body painting.
Michelangelo's outstanding human works include the sculpture of David and the frescoes of the human body in St Paul's Basilica in the Vatican. The reason why Michelangelo possessed higher expressive talent and free and easy expression than other contemporary artists is said to be because he tried human anatomy.
Michelangelo moved into a monastery in Florence to create the wood sculpture "Jesus on the Cross". With the help of the abbot, the affiliated hospital provided Michelangelo with the remains of the deceased for his autopsy. According to witnesses, Michelangelo took a muscle model and studied the changes in muscle shape in various postures through experiments.
Leonardo da Vinci also attempted dissections in other monasteries in Florence. In those days, dissection was not allowed everywhere, just because Florence was a relatively free and open city. According to records, when Leonardo da Vinci heard the news of someone's death, he would immediately rush there, paint the face of the deceased when he died, and then start the autopsy.
Michelangelo is a competitor with Leonardo da Vinci, who is 23 years older than him. I don't know what standards people use to measure these two great artists, but it is a recognized fact that their artistic talents are related to anatomy. inseparable.
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