This is one of the oldest geological landscapes-frost heave mounds, which are slowly erupting on the tundra in the Arctic Circle. For thousands of years, they have stood like soldiers, serving as scenic spots, landmarks and a special ecosystem on the land around the Arctic Ocean.
Frost-heave mounds are a kind of frozen landforms, mainly distributed in areas rich in groundwater. Whenever the cold season, the water in the soil freezes, causing the volume to expand and the ground to bulge. The pressure caused by the frozen soil drives the unfrozen liquid water to enrich in the middle ice body. As a result, more ice is formed under the frost heave mound, the ice body becomes larger and larger, and the frost heave mound becomes higher and higher. The surface area of the bun-like shape keeps increasing.
Whenever summer comes, the temperature rises, the ice is partially melted, and the frost heave mound will shrink appropriately. Whether the frost heave mound grows up year by year depends on the annual average temperature. If the temperature keeps warming, the frost-heave mound will gradually shrink and eventually collapse completely, forming a round lake, or leaving a concentric structure with large rocks around and small rocks and sand in the middle. If the temperature keeps getting colder, the frost heave mound will gradually grow up and taller. Some small frost heaves appear in winter and disappear in summer.
Mars has always been one of the goals of human immigration, but its natural environment is not habitable. If humans settle on Mars, a closed artificial ecosystem needs to be established, and this needs to ensure that the producers in the ecosystem-plants can survive. Recently, scientists have raised baby earthworms in simulated Martian soil, which means that plants can be grown on Mars.
These soils for cultivating earthworms are made of a mixture of simulated Martian soil and pig dung made by NASA, and adult earthworms are added to the soil. After a period of time, two healthy babies of earthworms are born and can live in these soils. Medium growth. Earthworms are decomposers. They can eat rotten organic matter and soil particles, excrete excrement rich in nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium, and provide nutrients to plants. They can also loosen the soil and allow air and moisture to enter, which is conducive to plant growth. Therefore, the soil where earthworms can live is likely to cultivate plants. Therefore, when establishing a closed base on Mars, organic matter and earthworms can be added to the Martian soil to slowly establish an ecosystem.
However, the hard and sharp soil on Mars may cause injury or death to earthworms, and the heavy metals in the soil may also affect the health of earthworms. Therefore, the survival of earthworms in simulated Martian soil requires long-term experiments and observations.
On TV and movies, we have all seen astronauts floating in outer space. There are ropes connecting them to the spacecraft, so that the astronauts will not get lost in space. Although the astronaut lost in space has never happened before, but in space without gravity, is it possible that the astronaut will drift away due to a rope failure? We need to plan ahead.
There is a manually operated emergency backpack on the spacesuit. In an emergency, the astronaut may not be able to activate it in time. A company in the United States is developing a new type of spacesuit. This spacesuit has a button that can start a new automatic navigation system. In space without a positioning system, the arrival is planned according to time, oxygen consumption, and safety. The best path to a safe place to deliver the astronauts safely.
This emergency system can not only be applied to space suits, but also can create new overalls for firefighters and divers, so that firefighters can plan the best escape route in a room with thick smoke, so that divers will not get lost in the deep ocean .
There is a kind of owl called the "White-faced Horned Owl", which is well versed in the principle of "A person who knows the times is a good man."
The white-faced horned owl is mostly distributed in central and southern Africa. Its feathers are brownish-gray or off-white, and it has two large, piercing eyes. It is usually 19-24 cm long. The white-faced horned owl will be deformed. When it encounters an enemy that is about the same size as its own, it will estimate in its heart that it can defeat the opponent. It will prop up its wings and puff up the feathers next to its cheeks. It looks much larger than before, so that it can be seen by itself. It was awe-inspiring and deterrent, and morale skyrocketed.
However, if you encounter an enemy much bigger than yourself, there is absolutely no possibility of victory, and the white-faced horned owl will be "counseled." It will shrink its size, put away its feathers, and try to keep its wings close to its chest. If it happens to stand on the branch, it will firmly grasp the branch, shrink itself, and wish to blend with the tree. It probably said silently in its heart: "I am a branch, I am a branch, can't see me, can't see me..." praying that the large enemy hurriedly left.
In fact, it is not only the white-faced horned owl who knows this skill, some other kinds of owls are also well versed, and they use this method to protect themselves.
