In clinical practice, some women usually do not have any discomfort, but a gynecological physical examination has found a lot of problems, such as cervical erosion, pelvic effusion, ovarian cysts, etc., coupled with rumors on the Internet, they are very scared. In fact, these "gynecological diseases" are not that serious.
Cervical erosion: normal phenomenon. At present, textbooks have abandoned the term "cervix erosion" and replaced it with "ectopic cervical columnar epithelium". In most cases, "cervical erosion" is a normal physiological state, which is often an erosion-like change formed by changes in estrogen, especially for women of gestational age, but this is not true erosion, so there is no need to worry too much.
HPV infection: The body can clear it by itself. HPV is also the celebrity papillomavirus, which is divided into low-risk type and high-risk type. Low-risk infections only cause condyloma acuminatum, and only high-risk persistent infections can lead to cervical precancerous lesions or cervical cancer. At present, there are more than ten kinds of high-risk HPV that have been found clinically, and 70% of cervical cancers are caused by infection with high-risk HPV types 16 and 18.
In their lifetime, 80% of women who have sex will be infected with HPV at least once, but as the local cervix immunity increases, the body can clear the virus by itself within 2 years. It only needs to be reviewed in time, but it will not turn negative or have multiple infections. Women with high-risk HPV or low-grade disease need to pay attention to them and get further examination and treatment such as colposcopy in time.
Pelvic fluid: a small amount does not need to be treated. Under normal circumstances, the pelvic and abdominal organs secrete fluid by themselves, which plays a role of lubrication and protection. At this time, the color Doppler ultrasound examination often reveals a small amount of effusion, the effusion volume is about 200 ml normally, no special treatment is required. However, if the color Doppler ultrasound of patients with pelvic inflammatory disease and pelvic tuberculosis indicates a large amount of pelvic fluid, accompanied by fever, abdominal pain, lumbosacral pain and other infection symptoms, active treatment is required.
Ovarian cysts: mostly benign. Most ovarian cysts are physiological cysts, such as luteal cysts. When the follicle forms the corpus luteum after ovulation, the ovaries will have physiological cysts, which will shrink and disappear after menstruation. Even pathological ovarian cysts are benign in most cases, such as teratomas, chocolate cysts, and cystadenomas of the ovary. If the diameter is less than 5 cm, the results of the relevant tumor markers are normal, and regular rechecks are sufficient, and no drug treatment is required. If there is an ovarian cyst after menopause, the diameter is >5 cm, or it is combined with solid components, the tumor markers are increased, and the malignancy cannot be completely ruled out, and surgical treatment is required.
Uterine fibroids: very common. Uterine fibroids are the most common gynecological benign tumors in women. They occur in reproductive women between the ages of 30 and 50. The exact cause is unknown, and may be related to obesity, hormone replacement therapy, late childbirth, and late menopause. The rate of malignant transformation of uterine fibroids is low. Whether the patient needs treatment or not depends on whether the patient has symptoms. If the patient has heavy menstrual flow and secondary to anemia, the surrounding tissues are compressed and the surrounding tissues appear frequent urination, urgency, constipation, combined with infertility, and rapid growth of postmenopausal fibroids, etc. , It is necessary to consider the age of the patient and the requirements for fertility, etc., to decide whether to perform surgery.
